Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. nyska@niehs.nih.gov Abstract In a previous study we demonstrated the protective effect of topical iodine as postexposure treatment for sulfur mustard (SM) application. The iodine treatment results in significantly reduced inflammation and necrosis and increased epidermal hyperplasia. The expression and localization o